Weekly issue

Week 24, 2025

Jun 9–15, 2025

Week 24, 2025 includes 2 curated papers, centered on QSO, spectroscopy, high-z.

2506.12141v1

A big red dot at cosmic noon

Federica Loiacono, Roberto Gilli, Marco Mignoli, Giovanni Mazzolari, Roberto Decarli, Marcella Brusa, Francesco Calura, Marco Chiaberge, Andrea Comastri, Quirino D'Amato, Kazushi Iwasawa, Ignas Juodžbalis, Giorgio Lanzuisi, Roberto Maiolino, Stefano Marchesi, Colin Norman, Alessandro Peca, Isabella Prandoni, Matteo Sapori, Matilde Signorini, Paolo Tozzi, Eros Vanzella, Cristian Vignali, Fabio Vito, Gianni Zamorani

Theme match 5/5

Digest

JWST reveals BiRD, a luminous little red dot at z=2.33 in the J1030 field, flagged as a bright outlier in the F200W−F356W vs F356W diagram. NIRCam/WFSS detects He I λ10830 and Paγ with both narrow and broad components (FWHM ≳ 2000 km s−1), plus a blueshifted He I absorption indicating dense outflowing gas with N(He I*, 2^3S) ≈ 0.5–1.2×10^14 cm−2 at Δv ≈ −830 km s−1; the source lacks X-ray and radio emission. The Paγ broad component implies MBH ≈ 10^8 M⊙ and Lbol ≈ 2.9×10^45 erg s−1, echoing GN-28074 and RUBIES-BLAGN-1 where similar He I absorption is seen. A first JWST-based census places the LRD space density at z<3 within a factor ∼2–3 of UV-selected quasars at comparable Lbol and MBH, arguing that LRDs contribute meaningfully to AGN demographics at cosmic noon and may trace rapid seed growth.

Key figures to inspect

  • Figure 1: Verify BiRD’s placement above the stellar locus in F200W−F356W versus F356W, its redshift track, and its proximity to the Rosetta Stone and RUBIES-BLAGN-1 points; this sets the color-based selection used for the space-density estimate.
  • Figure 2: Inspect the optical–IR cutouts to confirm the compact, point-like morphology and the increasingly red continuum across NIRCam bands that underpin the LRD classification.
  • Figure 3: Use the 2D/1D WFSS spectra to confirm z from He I λ10830 and Paγ, note the additional O I emission, and check the red-end contamination flagged in the panel.
  • Figure 4: Read off the multi-component fits—narrow+broad Paγ (for MBH, Lbol) and He I emission plus the blueshifted He I absorption—to assess the ≳2000 km s−1 widths and the absorption kinematics and depth.

Tags

  • LRD
  • BH seeds
  • outflows
  • demographics
  • X-ray
  • radio

2506.12124v1

JWST IFU observations uncover host galaxy continua in extremely red and obscured quasars

Yu-Ching Chen, Nadia L. Zakamska, Andrey Vayner, Jack M. M. Neustadt, Dominika Wylezalek, David S. N. Rupke, Sylvain Veilleux, Caroline Bertemes, Yuzo Ishikawa, Marie Wingyee Lau, Weizhe Liu, Marshall D. Perrin

Theme match 4/5

Digest

JWST/NIRSpec IFU datacubes of six extremely red quasars at z=2.4–2.9 plus two lower‑z dust‑obscured quasars are decomposed across wavelength to isolate host‑galaxy continua and morphologies. The hosts are compact (Re = 1.4–2.9 kpc) with stellar masses 10^10.6–10.9 Msun, and many targets show quasar–host centroid offsets of 0.4–1.3 kpc suggestive of post‑merger dynamics or patchy obscuration. ERQs sit 0.5–2 dex above the local MBH–M* relation and appear more compact, lower‑n, and lower‑mass than HST‑based inferences, underscoring the leverage of IFU‑based continuum separation. The authors note that the apparent over‑massive black holes may reflect selection bias.

Key figures to inspect

  • Figure 1: Verify that MSA‑leakage correction removes stripe‑like artifacts in PSF‑subtracted cubes; this demonstrates that detected continuum structures are not reduction residuals.
  • Figure 2: Use the total spectra and wavelength‑averaged, PSF‑subtracted images to read off per‑target morphology and measure quasar–host centroid offsets (green star vs. host light).
  • Figure 3: Inspect GALFIT Sersic models and residuals to see which hosts are well constrained; note that J0832+1615, J1217+0234, and F2M1106 are poorly constrained, while successful fits illustrate the compact Re and low n values.
  • Figure 4: Examine pPXF fits to the host spectra from forced photometry—identify absorption features and continuum windows that anchor the stellar‑mass estimates and check emission‑line masking quality.

Tags

  • obscured AGN
  • overmassive BH
  • spectroscopy