Weekly issue

Week 15, 2025

Apr 7–13, 2025

Week 15, 2025 includes 4 curated papers, centered on LRD, spectroscopy, QSO.

2504.08039v1

Bridging Quasars and Little Red Dots: Insights into Broad-Line AGNs at $z=5-8$ from the First JWST COSMOS-3D Dataset

Xiaojing Lin, Xiaohui Fan, Feige Wang, Fengwu Sun, Jaclyn B. Champagne, Eiichi Egami, Koki Kakiichi, Jianwei Lyu, Wei Leong Tee, Jinyi Yang, Fuyan Bian, Sarah E. I. Bosman, Zheng Cai, Caitlin M. Casey, Roberto Decarli, Andreas L. Faisst, Seiji Fujimoto, Santosh Harish, Olivier Ilbert, Akio K. Inoue, Xiangyu Jin, Jeyhan S. Kartaltepe, Dale D. Kocevski, Mingyu Li, Weizhe Liu, Yichen Liu, Jan-Torge Schindler, Marko Shuntov, Takumi S. Tanaka, Marianne Vestergaard, Yunjing Wu, Haowen Zhang, Zijian Zhang

Theme match 5/5

Digest

From the first 10% (≈127 arcmin²) of COSMOS-3D NIRCam grism WFSS, the team identifies 13 broad-line AGNs at z=5–8 via Hα/Hβ, including a z=7.646 Hβ source at F444W=23.6, among the brightest z>7.5 BL AGN. Most (10/13) show reddened optical continua with β_opt>0, while three have quasar-like SEDs that are less blue than unobscured QSOs; two objects have 7.7–18 μm MIRI points constraining rest-NIR, and no significant F115W UV variability is seen over Δt_rest≈60 days. The Hα luminosity functions at z≈5–6 hint at evolution relative to z≈4–5. An Hβ LF at z∼8 implies number densities ~100× above UV-selected quasar LFs, pointing to a populous bridge between UV-bright quasars and LRD-like BL AGN.

Key figures to inspect

  • Figure 1: Use the LW magnitude–redshift plane to locate the z=7.646 Hβ emitter (F444W=23.6) and compare COSMOS-3D WFSS-selected points to NIRSpec literature samples; note that Greene et al. (2024) are uncorrected for lensing, affecting the bright end.
  • Figure 2: Inspect where the 13 spectroscopic BL AGNs fall relative to the Akins et al. LRD color cuts in F277W–F444W vs F444W; identify which objects land outside the dashed selection and how this maps onto the reported β_opt>0 reddened continua.
  • Figure 3: For the eight broad-Hα emitters, examine the 2D+1D spectra and the Gaussian decompositions to read off FWHM and the presence/absence of narrow components; check line shapes and continuum visibility source by source.
  • Figure 4: Focus on ID18221 and ID27974 with detected continua to gauge continuum slopes and Balmer-line widths directly; these illustrate how continuum detection informs the β_opt and SED classification within the sample.

Tags

  • LRD
  • broad-line AGN
  • broad Balmer
  • spectroscopy

2504.07196v1

Joint Survey Processing. III. Compact Oddballs in the COSMOS Field -- Little Red Dots and Transients

Yu-Heng Lin, Andreas L. Faisst, Ranga-Ram Chary, Anton M. Koekemoer, Joseph Masiero, Daniel Masters, Vihang Mehta, Harry I. Teplitz, Gregory L. Walth, John R. Weaver

Theme match 5/5

Digest

HST/ACS G800L grism follow-up of seven compact, 8000 Å–dropout COSMOS point sources tests the faint z≈6 AGN candidate pool. Only one object (772319) is detected in multiple bands with a V-shaped, LRD-like SED and is ~3 mag brighter than typical JWST LRDs; no Lyα or other common lines appear in the grism. From the non-detections they place an upper limit on the AGN UV luminosity function of Φ=1.1×10^-7 Mpc^-3 mag^-1 at M_UV=−21. The remaining sources show F814W vs Subaru i+z flux mismatches not attributable to emission lines, implying long-lived transients with observed-frame decay timescales ≤6 years and highlighting transient contamination of faint-AGN searches.

Key figures to inspect

  • Figure 1: Compare 772319 (top) and 342154 (bottom) image cutouts across HST and ground/JWST bands to see that 772319 is multiband-detected while 342154 remains undetected in deep NIRCam/MIRI, supporting a transient or extreme SED interpretation for the faint subset.
  • Figure 2: Two-PA stacked 2D grism spectra for 772319; inspect the marked Lyα position and the absence of any coincident features in both PAs to verify that an emission line cannot explain the F814W excess.
  • Figure 3: EW(Lyα) versus M_UV with S/N=3 curves; read off the Lyα EW upper limits consistent with the F814W flux density and compare to AGN/SFG loci to see that any Lyα would be too weak to drive the photometric break.
  • Figure 4: SED of 772319 contrasted with a cool dwarf template and average LRD SEDs; note the V-shape, brightness offset (~2.6–3.5 mag brighter than JWST-selected LRDs), and location relative to LRD color cuts to assess its status as a bright LRD analog.

Tags

  • broad-line AGN
  • spectroscopy

2504.08032v1

Counting Little Red Dots at $z<4$ with Ground-based Surveys and Spectroscopic Follow-up

Yilun Ma, Jenny E. Greene, David J. Setton, Andy D. Goulding, Marianna Annunziatella, Xiaohui Fan, Vasily Kokorev, Ivo Labbe, Jiaxuan Li, Xiaojing Lin, Danilo Marchesini, Jorryt Matthee, Luke Robbins, Anna Sajina, Marcin Sawicki, O. Grace Telford

Theme match 4/5

Digest

Using ~3.1 deg^2 of ultra-deep HSC plus (near-)IR imaging, the authors assemble a ground-based sample of Little Red Dots at 2≲z≲4 and measure their abundance for M5500<-22.5. They find a sharp decline in number density from ~10^-4.5 cMpc^-3 at z>4 to ~10^-5.3 at 2.7<z<3.7 and ~10^-5.7 at 1.7<z<2.7, extending LRD demographics below z~4. A Magellan/FIRE spectrum of DEEP23-z2LRD1 (z_spec=2.26) shows broad Hα (FWHM≈2400 km s^-1) plus nearly symmetric narrow Hα absorption and extremely narrow [OIII] (FWHM≈140 km s^-1), consistent with an accreting BH in a low-mass host. Because ground-based resolution limits can admit contaminants, the paper stresses that spectroscopy is required to firm up the z<4 LRD number densities.

Key figures to inspect

  • Number-density vs. redshift for M5500<-22.5: read off the drop from ~10^-4.5 (z>4) to ~10^-5.3 (2.7<z<3.7) and ~10^-5.7 (1.7<z<2.7), and compare to UV-selected quasar counts.
  • Survey footprint/depth map (~3.1 deg^2 across HSC + NIR surveys): check area coverage and limiting depths that set the LRD luminosity threshold.
  • Color–color/SED selection panel: see how the ground-based blue coverage separates compact red candidates from dusty/low-z interlopers and sets the M5500 cut.
  • Magellan/FIRE spectrum around Hα for DEEP23-z2LRD1: inspect the broad Hα (FWHM≈2400 km s^-1) with nearly symmetric narrow absorption and continuum shape.
  • [OIII] λ5007 line profile for DEEP23-z2LRD1: verify the extremely narrow FWHM≈140 km s^-1 and lack of strong outflow wings, informing the low-mass host/BH interpretation.

Tags

  • LRD
  • broad Balmer
  • demographics
  • spectroscopy

2504.08067v1

Disk-jet coupling across the spectral transition in supermassive black holes

Jia-Lai Kang, Chris Done, Scott Hagen, Mai Liao, Matthew J. Temple, John D. Silverman, Junyao Li, Jun-Xian Wang

Theme match 3/5

Digest

Stacks of VLASS images for eROSITA-selected, unobscured AGN in a single mass bin (log M/M☉=8–8.5) track radio behavior across the spectral transition identified from optical/UV–X-ray SEDs. After subtracting matched host-galaxy star-formation radio, the residual core radio stays roughly constant through the transition while the mean accretion rate rises by ~6× and the UV disk brightens by ~100×; the X-rays change by only ~2×, yielding an approximately constant radio/X-ray ratio consistent with the Fundamental Plane. The result favors a persistent, compact jet coupled to the X-ray hot flow (not the thin disk), explaining why radio-loudness flips mainly reflect optical/UV changes rather than jet quenching. Compared to binaries, AGN retain strong coronal X-rays in the disk-dominated state, accounting for the continued radio–X coupling.

Key figures to inspect

  • Figure 1: Compare the stacked VLASS radio point to the three SED bins and the agnsed components to see the UV disk emerge while the coronal X-ray component—and the radio point tied to it—remain comparable across bins.
  • Figure 2: Inspect AGN versus control stacks to verify a compact radio excess in AGN after host subtraction, and to gauge how the excess does (not) evolve from faint→bright SED bins.
  • Figure 3: Check redshift distributions of quiescent vs star-forming hosts in each luminosity bin to ensure the control subtraction is not biased by differing z or host mix across the transition.
  • Figure 4: Use stacked inactive galaxies (quiescent vs star-forming) to quantify the star-formation radio baseline that is removed from the AGN stacks, validating the residual as an AGN-linked core component.

Tags

  • obscured AGN
  • luminous quasar
  • super-Eddington